NEW VERSION #10", Mountain systems of the Iberian Peninsula, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Peninsula&oldid=1009546015, Articles containing Catalan-language text, Articles containing Mirandese-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles containing Aragonese-language text, Articles containing Asturian-language text, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles containing Extremaduran-language text, Articles containing Galician-language text, Articles containing Occitan (post 1500)-language text, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles to be expanded from February 2020, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The people in the region share a cultural bond through language. 3 talking about this. El latín vulgar. Strabo says[10] that the Romans use Hispania and Iberia synonymously, distinguishing between the near northern and the far southern provinces. Many Jews and Muslims fled to North Africa and the Ottoman Empire, while others publicly converted to Christianity and became known respectively as Marranos and Moriscos (after the old term Moors). After the death of Peter the Cruel of Castile (reigned 1350–69), the House of Trastámara succeeded to the throne in the person of Peter's half brother, Henry II (reigned 1369–79). The ancient Greeks reached the Iberian Peninsula, of which they had heard from the Phoenicians, by voyaging westward on the Mediterranean. An estimated 700 km (430 mi) length of Atlantic shelf is only 10–65 km (6.2–40.4 mi) wide. 2 talking about this. The Iberian Peninsula has always been associated with the River Ebro (Ibēros in ancient Greek and Ibērus or Hibērus in Latin). [74] The conflict reached a climax in the 1340 Battle of Río Salado, when, this time in alliance with Granada, the Marinid Sultan (and Caliph pretender) Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman made the last Marinid attempt to set up a power base in the Iberian Peninsula. However, most of Portugal and Spain have a Mediterranean climate; the Warm-summer Mediterranean climate and the Hot-summer Mediterranean climate, with various differences in precipitation and temperature depending on latitude and position versus the sea, this applies greatly to the Portuguese and Galician Atlantic coasts where, do to upwelling/downwelling phenomena average temperatures in summer can vary through as much as 10 °C (50 °F) in only a few kilometers (e.g. forest expansion and densification, in South‐West Europe. Until the mid 11th century, most of the territorial expansion southwards of the Kingdom of Asturias/León was carried out through a policy of agricultural colonization rather than through military operations; then, profiting from the feebleness of the taifa principalities, Ferdinand I of León seized Lamego and Viseu (1057–1058) and Coimbra (1064) away from the Taifa of Badajoz (at times at war with the Taifa of Seville);[58][59] Meanwhile, in the same year Coimbra was conquered, in the Northeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula, the Kingdom of Aragon took Barbastro from the Hudid Taifa of Lérida as part of an international expedition sanctioned by Pope Alexander II. [97][98][99][100] Historian Henry Kamen estimates that some 25,000 Jews died en route from Spain. Simplified map designed for Garmin fenix watches. [75], The 1348–1350 bubonic plague devastated large parts of the Iberian Peninsula, leading to a sudden economic cease. [162] Throughout history (and pre-history), many different languages have been spoken in the Iberian Peninsula, contributing to the formation and differentiation of the contemporaneous languages of Iberia; however, most of them have become extinct or fallen into disuse. The Caliphate reached its height of its power under the rule of Abd-ar-Rahman III and his successor al-Hakam II, becoming then, in the view of Jaime Vicens Vives, "the most powerful state in Europe". "[9] According to Strabo,[10] prior historians used Iberia to mean the country "this side of the Ἶβηρος" (Ibēros, the Ebro) as far north as the Rhône, but in his day they set the Pyrenees as the limit. [150][151][152] For example, the Segre river, which runs west and then south to meet the Ebro, has its source on the French side. [68], Merchants from Genoa and Pisa were conducting an intense trading activity in Catalonia already by the 12th century, and later in Portugal. al-ʾAndalūs, possibly "Land of the Vandals"),[38][39] is the Arabic name given to Muslim Iberia. Yet, little is known about the goods and services that such forests provide to people. It includes ten sovereign nations.Eastern Europe is not an easily defined region. The result was the creation of the province of Hispania. Ultimately, the shelf drops into the Bay of Biscay on the north (an abyss), the Iberian abyssal plain at 4,800 m (15,700 ft) on the west, and Tagus abyssal plain to the south. [27] On the Iberian Peninsula, modern humans developed a series of different cultures, such as the Aurignacian, Gravettian, Solutrean and Magdalenian cultures, some of them characterized by the complex forms of the art of the Upper Paleolithic. In order to enhance the integration of Iberian Peninsula energy markets with rest Europe, regional high level group for South-West Europe on interconnections was set up in 2015. That same year he expelled all Muslims that were not slaves,[103] and in 1502 the Catholic Monarchs followed suit, imposing the choice of conversion to Christianity or exile and loss of property. Regarding their role in the global economy, both the microstate of Andorra and the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar have been described as tax havens. The objective of the FIRE-RS (wildFIRE Remote Sensing) project (2016–2019) is to reduce the impacts of forest fires by providing emergency agencies and coordination centres with an innovative tool for the early detection and the efficient management of fires. Whatever languages may generally have been spoken on the peninsula soon gave way to Latin, except for that of the Vascones, which was preserved as a language isolate by the barrier of the Pyrenees. Southwest Europe. 0117 924 0700 / 00 322 284 5737 office@mollymep.org.uk MEP's website Committee membership, parliamentary work, CV, Brussels contact [172] An international rail line across the Central Pyrenees linking Zaragoza and the French city of Pau through a tunnel existed in the past; however, an accident in the French part destroyed a stretch of the railroad in 1970 and the Canfranc Station has been a cul-de-sac since then. Al-Andalus (Arabic: الإندلس‎, tr. [125] In Aragon, suffering from similar problems than Castile, the expelling of the Moriscos in 1609 in the Kingdom of Valencia aggravated the recession. [68], The last Muslim stronghold, Granada, was conquered by a combined Castilian and Aragonese force in 1492. In Greek and Roman antiquity, the name Hesperia was used for both the Italian and Iberian Peninsula; in the latter case Hesperia Ultima (referring to its position in the far west) appears as form of disambiguation from the former among Roman writers. It continued to exist until around 30,000 BP, when Neanderthal man faced extinction. During the reign of Phillip II of Spain (I of Portugal), the Councils of Portugal, Italy, Flanders and Burgundy were added to the group of counselling institutions of the Hispanic Monarchy, to which the Councils of Castile, Aragon, Indies, Chamber of Castile, Inquisition, Orders, and Crusade already belonged, defining the organization of the Royal court that underpinned the polysinodial system [es] through which the empire operated. In other extreme cases highland alpine climates such as in Sierra Nevada and areas with extremely low precipitation and desert climates or semi-arid climates such as the Almería area, Murcia area and southern Alicante area. The result was the creation of the province of Hispania. Hispania supplied the Roman Empire with silver, food, olive oil, wine, and metal. The older mountains are from the Hercynian phase (Massif Central in the heart of … The Muslim conquerors were Arabs and Berbers; following the conquest, conversion and arabization of the Hispano-Roman population took place, [40] (muwalladum or Muladi). Credence in Polybius imposes certain limitations on etymologizing: if the language remains unknown, the meanings of the words, including Iber, must also remain unknown. [34] Around 1100 BC, Phoenician merchants founded the trading colony of Gadir or Gades (modern day Cádiz). French Cerdagne is on the south side of the Pyrenees mountain range, which runs along the border between Spain and France. [15][16][17] Virgil refers to the Ipacatos Hiberos ("restless Iberi") in his Georgics. According to Charles Ebel, the ancient sources in both Latin and Greek use Hispania and Hiberia (Greek: Iberia) as synonyms. On the northeast, this is bounded by the Pyrenean fold belt, and on the southeast it is bounded by the Baetic System.
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